What is the primary purpose of specimen collection?

The primary purpose of specimen collection is to obtain a sample for laboratory analysis to assist in diagnosis and treatment. Collecting specimens such as blood, urine, or tissue allows healthcare professionals to analyze these samples to diagnose medical conditions, monitor disease progression, or evaluate the effectiveness of treatments. This process is fundamental to medical practice, as it provides critical information that informs clinical decisions regarding patient care.

The other options, while related to the healthcare field, do not align with the specific objective of specimen collection. Performing surgery is a complex procedure that involves direct intervention, not sample collection. Handling and disposing of medical waste deals with safety and compliance aspects of healthcare but does not pertain to obtaining specimens for analysis. Conducting physical examinations is part of patient assessment but does not encompass the primary purpose of collecting specimens for laboratory evaluation. Thus, the correct answer accurately reflects the essential goal of specimen collection in medical practice.